The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.